SVN stands for Subversion.
Subversion is a free/open-source version control system. Subversion manages files and directories over time. A tree of files is placed into a central repository. The repository is much like an ordinary file server, except that it remembers every change ever made to your files and directories. This allows you to recover older versions of your code, or examine the history of how your code was changed.
This article explains some basic SVN commands with examples.
In the left pane you can see a directory tree, and in the right pane are the contents of the selected directory. At the top of the Repository Browser Window you can enter the URL of the repository and the revision you want to browse. Folders included with the svn:externals property are also shown in the repository browser. Those folders are. Mar 03, 2013.
SVN Working Copy
SVN is a repository that holds all our versioned data, which is also called as SVN server. SVN client program which manages local reflections of portions of that versioned data which is called as working copy. SVN client can access its repository across networks. Multiple users can access the repository at the same time.
1. SVN Checkout – Create working copy
Checkout command is used to download sources from SVN repository to working copy. If you want to access files from the SVN server, checkout is the first operation you should perform.
SVN checkout creates the working copy, from where you can do edit, delete, or add contents. You can checkout a file, directory, trunk or whole project. To checkout you should know URL of the components you want to checkout.
The following example checks out the directory to the given target directory.
When you do a checkout, it creates hidden directory named .svn, which will have the repository details.
2. SVN Commit – Save changes to the repository
Whenever you do changes to the working copy, it will not reflect in SVN server. To make the changes permanent, you need to do SVN commit.
Explain why you are changing the file in the -m option.
For example, in my working copy, the file named “svn-commands” has the following content.
I made a change in this file (for example, making this file empty).
Now commit the file to make the changes permanent in the server.
After this whenever you update your working copy or checkout, the changes will appear in the server.
3. SVN List – Lists directory entries
svn list is useful when you want to view the content of the SVN repository, without downloading a working copy.
The following example lists all the files available in the given URL in the repository without downloading a working copy. When you execute svn list command with –verbose option it displays the following information.
4. SVN Add – Add a new file to SVN repository
When you want to add a new file (or directory) to the repository you need to use SVN add command. The repository will have newly added file, only when you do SVN commit. Now let us add a new file called “thegeekstuff” to our repository.
5. SVN Delete – Removing a file from repository
SVN delete command deletes an item from the working copy (or repository). File will be deleted from the repository when you do a SVN commit.
Now let us remove the recently created file called “thegeekstuff”.
Now you can do svn list and check whether the file was deleted from the repository.
6. SVN Diff – Display the difference
SVN diff displays the differences between your working copy and the copy in the SVN repository. You can find the difference between two revisions and two paths etc.,
The above example compares the filename@R1 and filename@R2.
Now the content of the file thegeekstuff looks like this,
I edited the content of thegeekstuff file from testing to tester, which is shown below using the svn diff command.
7. SVN Status – Status of the working copy
Use svn status command to get the status of the file in the working copy. It displays whether the working copy is modified, or its been added/deleted, or file is not under revision control, etc.
The following example shows the status of my local working copy,
‘M’ represents that the item has been modified. “svn help status” command will explain various specifiers showed in SVN status command.
8. SVN Log – Display log message
As we discussed in the beginning of this article, SVN remembers every change made to your files and directories. To know all the commits made in a file or directory, use SVN log command.
The following displays all the commits made on thegeekstuff file
Since we made only one commit in the file thegeekstuff, it shows only one log message with the details.
9. SVN Move – Rename file or directory
This command moves a file from one directory to another or renames a file. The file will be moved on your local sandbox immediately (as well as on the repository after committing).
The following command renames the file “thegeekstuff” to “tgs” in a single stroke.
Now the file is renamed only in the working copy, not in the repository. To make the changes permanent, you need to commit the changes.
10. SVN Update – Update the working copy.
svn update command brings changes from the repository into your working copy. If no revision is specified, it brings your working copy up-to-date with the HEAD revision. Otherwise, it synchronizes the working copy to the revision given in the argument.
Always before you start working in your working copy, update your working copy. So that all the changes available in repository will be available in your working copy. i.e latest changes.
In case some other user added/deleted file in URL, https://www.thegeekstuff.com/project/branches/release/migration/data/cfg, your working copy will not have those files by default, until you update your working copy.
In the above svn update command output, A represents that this file is “Added” to the working copy.
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April 17th, 2007 mysurface
The aim of this tutorial is to guide beginners for using svn command linewith simple examples.
This post is not going to focus on svn installation, as the installation isavailable anywhere, let me list some links for you in case you are actuallylooking for installation.
Subversion Installation References
Installing Subversion (svn) on Linux (Debian Stable) Setting up Subversion and websvn on Debian How To Configure Web Access To Subversion Repositories Using Apache Install SVN with Web Access on Ubuntu
If you are looking for svn reference in man pages, you have gone to thewrong place. To check the references of svn commands, simple do this:
This will make svn list all the available functions, to get the functionreference, let say checkout
The same thing goes to other svn related commands, such as svnadmin
First of all what is repository? It is a core file for svn, or you can callit a centralized svn backup database. After created it, it is just adirectory with its files. IMPORTANT! Do NOT try to modify or add somethinginto the repository, unless you know what are you doing.
To create a svn repo, let say I wanna create a repo to store all myprogramming codes, I do this
Remember try to use absolute path for everything, sometimes the relativepath is not going to work.
How to import my existing directories into the new repo?
-m stand for log message, the first revision was created with log as 'Initial import'. You need to specified URL for the repo, URL is the standard argument for svn. Therefore for local file, you need to specified with file://
Another way of listing all the files and folder in the tree view, I use svnlook
The difference between svn list and svnlook tree is one expect URL anotherone do not.
Part 2 will covers how to checkout, track changes, commit, add or deletefiles and message logs.
This is the most critical part of svn and also the most common part of svncommand line. A lots of open source development projects provided the wayfor user to check out their latest code through the internet.
You need to check out in order to commit the changes to svn repolater. Refers back to the previous post, where I import entire directory/home/mysurface/programming to programming_repo. I am going to checkout tothe same folder. If you are skeptical of doing this, you may want to backupthe directory first.
Now checkout to programming, mkdir is not needed, as svn will create thedirectory for you if it is doesn't exist.
co is the shortform of checkout.
Okay, lets just compare both folder with diff and store the result into afile comp.diff
Diff will list the folder in common, and also the differences. Checkcomp.diff, as it tracks the additional folder .svn that only exist inprogramming/. Again, do NOT modified or delete this folder.
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Are you convinced to remove your programming-bk/ ? Make sure you keep therepo safe and you can check out the same data anytime, at any place.
You can even checkout only a specific folder from your repo. e.g.
This will only check out a folder at current directory.
Single file can't be checkout like directories, but you can extract themfrom repository by svn export
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First of all, you track what files had changed,
It will list files which have changed, with some attributes besides thefilename. Common attributes are M, ?, A … M is modified, A is newly added(how to add refers later section), ? indicate the file is added into localdirectory but not added into repo.
Secondly, you want to track the differences between the previous revisionand the working one. Lets assume color.c has changed,
I really don't like svn diff 's result. Fortunately, I found a simple bashscript what makes vimdiff as the compare tool. The script was written byErik C. Thauvin, you can get it from here.http://vc.thauvin.net/svn/linux/svndiff/svndiff.sh?view=markup
I name it as svndiff and place it at /usr/bin, change the mode to executable.
Now, I can simply do this,
To close the vimdiff, type :qa
You can commit with -m to place your log message if it is short. But if itis long, I suggest you to make use of your default editor. I am a vim user,therefore I add a line into my ~/.bashrc
Now I can commit with this:
Tortoisesvn Repo Browser
ci is the shortform of checkin as in 'check in', or commit. Write the logmessage and close save vim :x , I am done. The same way as checkout, you canchoose to commit one file or any folder.
The file won't be committed if you don't add it into repo. Therefore youneed to add it manually if you want it to goes into your repo. Let say youwanna add a new file color2.cc
Delete does the same way, if you only delete file at your working directory,it won't reflects the changes to our repo.
The simplest way is doing just,
Tortoise Svn Download Repo
It will list all logs, start from latest revision. That is reallyirritating! You can limit it to 3 latest revision log by doing this
If you wanna check for specific revision, specified with -r,
I find something awkward, let say I have done svn delete at revision 3(latest), and revision 2 is the changes of the deleted file at revision3. When I do svn log, by right it should show all 3 logs, but It only showsfor revision 1. It means the svn log will only shows the log if the file isexist, bear in mind.
How to update the working directory into the latest revision?
Update to specific revision?
Svn Browser Windows
I think thats all for normal use of svn commands, further reading athttp://svnbook.red-bean.com/.
*Tags*: svn tutorial, subversion, svn howto, source version control
Svn Repo Browser Download
documented on: 2007-09-21
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